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39 1997

TAXES CONSOLIDATION ACT, 1997

CHAPTER 3

Assets held in a fiduciary or representative capacity, inheritances and settlements

Nominees, bare trustees and agents.

[CGTA75 s8(3), s15(10), s51(1) and Sch4 par2; FA73 s33(4) and (7)]

567. —(1) References in the Capital Gains Tax Acts to any asset held by a person as trustee for another person absolutely entitled as against the trustee are references to a case where that other person has the exclusive right, or would have such a right if that other person were not an infant or other person under disability, subject only to satisfying any outstanding charge, lien or right of the trustees to resort to the asset for payment of duty, taxes, costs or other outgoings, to direct how that asset shall be dealt with.

(2) In relation to assets held by a person (in this subsection referred to as “the first-mentioned person”) as nominee for another person, or as trustee for another person absolutely entitled as against the trustee, or for any person who would be so entitled but for being an infant or other person under disability (or for 2 or more persons who are or would be jointly so entitled), the Capital Gains Tax Acts shall apply as if the property were vested in, and the acts of the first-mentioned person in relation to the assets were the acts of, the person or persons for whom the first-mentioned person is the nominee or trustee (acquisitions from or disposals to the first-mentioned person by that person or those persons being disregarded accordingly).

(3) Where exploration or exploitation activities are carried on by a person on behalf of the holder of a licence granted under the Petroleum and Other Minerals Development Act, 1960, the holder of the licence shall for the purpose of any assessment to capital gains tax be deemed to be the agent of that person.

(4) Schedule 1 shall apply for the purpose of supplementing subsection (3).

Liability of trustees, etc.

[CGTA75 s51(1) and Sch4 par12]

568. —(1) Capital gains tax chargeable in respect of chargeable gains accruing to the trustees of a settlement or capital gains tax due from the personal representatives of a deceased person may be assessed and charged on and in the name of one or more of those trustees or personal representatives.

(2) Subject to section 567 (2), chargeable gains accruing to the trustees of a settlement or to the personal representatives of a deceased person, and capital gains tax chargeable on or in the name of such trustees or personal representatives, shall not be regarded for the purposes of the Capital Gains Tax Acts as accruing to or chargeable on any other person, nor shall any trustee or personal representative be regarded for the purposes of those Acts as an individual.

Assets of insolvent person.

[CGTA75 s40]

569. —(1) In this section, “deed of arrangement” means a deed of arrangement to which the Deeds of Arrangement Act, 1887, applies.

(2) In relation to assets held by a person as trustee or assignee in bankruptcy or under a deed of arrangement, the Capital Gains Tax Acts shall apply as if the assets were vested in, and the acts of the trustee or assignee in relation to the assets were the acts of, the bankrupt or debtor (acquisitions from or disposals to such person by the bankrupt or debtor being disregarded accordingly), and tax in respect of any chargeable gains which accrue to any such trustee or assignee shall be assessable on and recoverable from such trustee or assignee.

(3) Assets held by a trustee or assignee in bankruptcy or under a deed of arrangement at the death of the bankrupt or debtor shall for the purposes of the Capital Gains Tax Acts be regarded as held by a personal representative of the deceased, and—

(a) subsection (2) shall not apply after the death, and

(b) section 573 (2) shall apply as if any assets held by a trustee or assignee in bankruptcy or under a deed of arrangement at the death of the bankrupt or debtor were assets of which the deceased was competent to dispose and which then devolved on the trustee or assignee as if the trustee or assignee were a personal representative.

(4) Assets vesting in a trustee in bankruptcy after the death of the bankrupt or debtor shall for the purposes of the Capital Gains Tax Acts be regarded as held by a personal representative of the deceased, and subsection (2) shall not apply.

Company in liquidation.

[CGTA75 s41]

570. —Where assets of a company are vested in a liquidator under section 230 of the Companies Act, 1963 , or otherwise, the Capital Gains Tax Acts shall apply as if the assets were vested in, and the acts of the liquidator in relation to the assets were acts of, the company (acquisitions from or disposals to the liquidator by the company being disregarded accordingly).

Chargeable gains accruing on disposals by liquidators and certain other persons.

[FA83 s56]

571. —(1) In this section—

accountable person” means—

(a) a liquidator of a company, or

(b) any person entitled to an asset by means of security or to the benefit of a charge or encumbrance on an asset or, as the case may be, any person appointed to enforce or give effect to the security, charge or encumbrance;

the company” has the meaning assigned to it by subsection (6);

the debtor” has the meaning assigned to it by subsection (5);

referable capital gains tax” has the meaning assigned to it by subsection (2);

referable corporation tax” has the meaning assigned to it by subsection (3);

relevant disposal” has the same meaning as in section 648 .

(2) In this section—

(a) in a case where no chargeable gains other than the chargeable gains mentioned in subsection (5)(a) (in this subsection referred to as “the referable gains”) accrued to the debtor in the year of assessment, “referable capital gains tax” means the amount of capital gains tax which apart from subsection (5) would be assessable on the debtor in respect of the referable gains;

(b) in a case where, in addition to the referable gains, other chargeable gains accrued to the debtor in the year of assessment and, in charging all of those gains to capital gains tax without regard to subsection (5), the same rate of tax would apply, and either—

(i) none of the disposals on which the chargeable gains accrued is a relevant disposal, or

(ii) each of the disposals is a relevant disposal,

referable capital gains tax” means an amount of tax determined by the formula—

A

___

B

× C

where—

A is the amount of capital gains tax which apart from subsection (5) would be assessable on the debtor in respect of the referable gains if no other chargeable gains accrued to the debtor in the year of assessment and if no deductions or reliefs were to be allowed against the referable gains,

B is the amount of capital gains tax which apart from subsection (5) would be assessable on the debtor in respect of all chargeable gains, including the referable gains, which accrued to the debtor in the year of assessment, if no deductions or reliefs were to be allowed against those chargeable gains, and

C is the amount of capital gains tax which apart from subsection (5) would be assessable on the debtor in respect of the total amount of chargeable gains, including the referable gains, which accrued to the debtor in the year of assessment;

(c) in any other case, “referable capital gains tax” means the amount of capital gains tax which apart from subsection (5) and taking into account—

(i) all other chargeable gains accruing to the debtor in the year of assessment, and

(ii) where appropriate, sections 546 (6), 601 (3) and 653 ,

would be the amount of capital gains tax appropriate to the referable gains.

(3) In this section—

(a) in a case where no chargeable gains other than—

(i) the chargeable gains mentioned in subsection (6)(a) (in this subsection referred to as “the referable gains”), or

(ii) any chargeable gains accruing on a relevant disposal,

accrued to the company in the accounting period, “referable corporation tax” means the amount of capital gains tax which apart from subsection (6) would be assessable on the company in respect of the referable gains on the assumptions that—

(I) notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in the Corporation Tax Acts, capital gains tax was to be charged in respect of the refereable gains in accordance with the Capital Gains Tax Acts, and

(II) accounting periods were years of assessment,

or, if it is less, the amount of corporation tax which apart from subsection (6) would be assessable on the company for the accounting period;

(b) in a case where, in addition to the referable gains, other chargeable gains (not being chargeable gains accruing on a relevant disposal) accrued to the company in the accounting period and, on the assumptions made in paragraph (a), in charging all of those gains to capital gains tax without regard to subsection (6), the same rate of tax would apply, “referable corporation tax” means an amount of tax determined by the formula—

D

___

E

× F

where—

D is the amount of capital gains tax which, apart from subsection (6) and on the assumptions made in paragraph (a), would be assessable on the company in respect of the referable gains if no other chargeable gains accrued to the company in the accounting period and if no deductions or reliefs were to be allowed against the referable gains,

E is the amount of capital gains tax which, apart from subsection (6) and on the assumptions made in paragraph (a), would be assessable on the company in respect of all chargeable gains including the referable gains (but not including chargeable gains accruing on a relevant disposal) which accrued to the company in the accounting period, if no deductions or reliefs were to be allowed against those chargeable gains, and

F is the amount (in this subsection referred to as “the notional amount”) of capital gains tax which apart from subsection (6) would in accordance with section 78 (2) be calculated in relation to the company for the accounting period in respect of all chargeable gains including the referable gains or, if it is less, the amount of corporation tax which apart from subsection (6) would be assessable on the company for the accounting period;

(c) (i) in any other case, “referable corporation tax” means, subject to subparagraph (ii), the amount of capital gains tax which, apart from subsection (6) and on the assumptions made in paragraph (a), and taking into account—

(I) all other chargeable gains (not being chargeable gains accruing on a relevant disposal) accruing to the company in the accounting period, and

(II) where appropriate, sections 546 (6) and 653 ,

would be the amount of capital gains tax appropriate to the referable gains;

(ii) in any case in which subparagraph (i) applies, if the notional amount is greater than the amount of corporation tax which apart from subsection (6) would be assessable on the company for the accounting period, “referable corporation tax” shall mean an amount determined by the formula—

G

___

H

× K

where—

G is the amount which under subparagraph (i) would be the referable corporation tax,

H is the notional amount, and

K is the amount of corporation tax which apart from subsection (6) would be assessable on the company for the accounting period.

(4) (a) In any case where, in calculating an amount of referable capital gains tax or referable corporation tax under subsection (2)(c) or (3)(c), deductions or reliefs were to be allowed against chargeable gains accruing in a year of assessment or in an accounting period and apart from this subsection those deductions or reliefs (or part of them) would be set against 2 or more chargeable gains chargeable at the same rate of capital gains tax, then, those deductions or reliefs (or, as the case may be, that part of them) shall, in so far as is necessary to calculate the amount of referable capital gains tax or referable corporation tax, be apportioned between the chargeable gains chargeable at the same rate in proportion to the amounts of those chargeable gains.

(b) In the case of chargeable gains accruing to a company (not being chargeable gains accruing on a relevant disposal), any reference in paragraph (a) to a rate of tax shall be construed as a reference to the rate of capital gains tax which would be applicable to those gains on the assumptions made in subsection (3)(a).

(5) Where section 537 (2) or 570 applies in respect of the disposal of an asset in a year of assessment by an accountable person, then, notwithstanding any provision of the Capital Gains Tax Acts—

(a) any referable capital gains tax in respect of any chargeable gains which accrue on the disposal shall be assessable on and recoverable from the accountable person,

(b) the referable capital gains tax shall be treated as a necessary disbursement out of the proceeds of the disposal and shall be paid by the accountable person out of those proceeds, and

(c) referable capital gains tax paid by the accountable person shall discharge a corresponding amount of the liability to capital gains tax, for the year of assessment in which the disposal is made, of the person (in this section referred to as “the debtor”) who apart from this subsection is the chargeable person in relation to the disposal.

(6) Where section 78 (8) or 537 (2) applies in respect of the disposal (not being a relevant disposal) of an asset in an accounting period of a company by an accountable person, then, notwithstanding any provision of the Corporation Tax Acts—

(a) any referable corporation tax in respect of any chargeable gains which accrue on the disposal shall be assessable on and recoverable from the accountable person,

(b) the referable corporation tax shall be treated as a necessary disbursement out of the proceeds of the disposal and shall be paid by the accountable person out of those proceeds, and

(c) referable corporation tax paid by the accountable person shall discharge a corresponding amount of the liability to corporation tax, for the accounting period in which the disposal is made, of the company (in this section referred to as “the company”) which apart from this subsection is the chargeable person in relation to the disposal.

(7) Notwithstanding any provision of the Capital Gains Tax Acts or of the Corporation Tax Acts, the amount of referable capital gains tax or referable corporation tax, as the case may be, which under this section is assessable on an accountable person in relation to a disposal, shall be recoverable by an assessment on the accountable person to income tax under Case IV of Schedule D for the year of assessment in which the disposal occurred on an amount the income tax on which at the standard rate for that year of assessment is equal to the amount of the referable capital gains tax or referable corporation tax, as the case may be.

(8) Where tax is paid by an accountable person under this section and it is established that the amount of tax paid is excessive, appropriate relief by means of repayment or otherwise shall be given to the accountable person.

(9) Subject to subsections (5)(c) and (6)(c), nothing in this section shall affect the amount of chargeable gains on which—

(a) the debtor is chargeable to capital gains tax, or

(b) the company is chargeable to corporation tax.

Funds in court.

[CGTA75 s42]

572. —(1) In this section—

the Accountant” means the Accountant attached to the court or a deputy appointed by the Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform;

court” means the High Court except where the reference is to the Circuit Court;

funds in court” means any moneys (and investments representing such moneys), annuities, stocks, shares or other securities standing or to be placed to the account of the Accountant in the books of the Bank of Ireland or any company, and includes boxes and other effects.

(2) For the purposes of section 567 (2), funds in court shall be regarded as held by the Accountant as nominee for the persons entitled to or interested in the funds or, as the case may be, for their trustees.

(3) Where funds in court standing to an account in the books of the Accountant are invested or after investment are realised, the method by which the Accountant effects the investment or the realisation of investments shall not affect the question as to whether there is for the purposes of the Capital Gains Tax Acts an acquisition or, as the case may be, a disposal of an asset representing funds in court standing to that account, and in particular there shall for those purposes be an acquisition or disposal of assets notwithstanding that the investment of funds in court standing to an account in the books of the Accountant, or the realisation of funds which have been so invested, is effected by setting off in the Accountant's accounts investment in one account against realisation of investments in another.

(4) This section shall apply with any necessary modifications to funds in the Circuit Court as it applies to funds in court.

Death.

[CGTA75 s14; CGT(A)A78 s6(1)]

573. —(1) In this section, references to assets of which a deceased person was competent to dispose are references to assets of the deceased which the deceased could if of full age and capacity have disposed of by will, assuming that all the assets were situated in the State and that the deceased was domiciled in the State, and include references to the deceased's severable share in any assets to which immediately before his or her death he or she was beneficially entitled as a joint tenant.

(2) For the purposes of the Capital Gains Tax Acts, the assets of which a deceased person was competent to dispose—

(a) shall be deemed to be acquired on his or her death by the personal representatives or other person on whom they devolve for a consideration equal to their market value at the date of the death; but

(b) shall not be deemed to be disposed of by him or her on his or her death (whether or not they were the subject of a testamentary disposition).

(3) Allowable losses sustained by an individual in the year of assessment in which he or she dies may, in so far as they cannot be deducted from chargeable gains accruing in that year, be deducted from chargeable gains accruing to the deceased in the 3 years of assessment preceding the year of assessment in which the death occurs, taking chargeable gains accruing in a later year before those accruing in an earlier year, and there shall be made all such amendments of assessments or repayments of tax as may be necessary to give effect to this subsection.

(4) In relation to property forming part of the estate of a deceased person, the personal representatives shall for the purposes of the Capital Gains Tax Acts be treated as being a single and continuing body of persons (distinct from the persons who may from time to time be the personal representatives), and that body shall be treated as having the deceased's residence, ordinary residence and domicile at the date of death.

(5) Where any asset is acquired by a person as legatee no chargeable gain shall accrue to the personal representatives, but the legatee shall be treated as if the personal representatives' acquisition of the asset had been the legatee's acquisition of the asset.

(6) Where not more than 2 years, or such longer period as the Revenue Commissioners may by notice in writing allow, after a death any of the dispositions of the property of which the deceased was competent to dispose, whether effected by will or under the law relating to intestacies or otherwise, are varied by a deed of family arrangement or similar instrument, this section shall apply as if the variations made by the deed or other instrument were effected by the deceased, and no disposition made by the deed or other instrument shall constitute a disposal for the purposes of the Capital Gains Tax Acts.

Trustees of settlement.

[CGTA75 s15(1), (9) and (11)]

574. —(1) (a) In relation to settled property, the trustees of a settlement shall for the purposes of the Capital Gains Tax Acts be treated as being a single and continuing body of persons (distinct from the persons who may from time to time be the trustees) and, subject to paragraph (b), that body shall be treated as being resident and ordinarily resident in the State unless the general administration of the trusts is ordinarily carried on outside the State and the trustees or a majority of them for the time being are not resident or not ordinarily resident in the State.

(b) A person carrying on a business which consists of or includes the management of trusts, and acting as trustees of a trust in the course of that business, shall be treated in relation to that trust as not resident in the State if the whole of the settled property consists of or derives from property provided by a person not at the time (or, in the case of a trust arising under a testamentary disposition or on an intestacy or partial intestacy, at his or her death) domiciled, resident or ordinarily resident in the State and, if in such a case the trustees or a majority of them are or are treated in relation to that trust as not resident in the State, the general administration of the trust shall be treated as ordinarily carried on outside the State.

(2) Where any amount of capital gains tax assessed on the trustees or any one trustee of a settlement in respect of a chargeable gain accruing to the trustee is not paid within 6 months from the date when it becomes payable by the trustees or trustee and, before or after the expiration of that period of 6 months, the asset in respect of which the chargeable gain accrued, or any part of the proceeds of sale of that asset, is transferred by the trustees to a person who as against the trustees is absolutely entitled to it, then, that person may, at any time within 2 years from the time when that amount of tax became payable, be assessed and charged (in the name of the trustees) to an amount of capital gains tax not exceeding the amount of capital gains tax chargeable on an amount equal to the amount of the chargeable gain and, where part only of the asset or of the proceeds was transferred, not exceeding a proportionate part of that amount.

(3) For the purposes of this section, where part of the property comprised in a settlement is vested in one trustee or set of trustees and part in another trustee or set of trustees (and in particular where settled land within the meaning of the Settled Land Act, 1882, is vested in the tenant for life and investments representing capital money are vested in the trustees of the settlement), they shall be treated as together constituting and, in so far as they act separately, as acting on behalf of a single body of trustees.

Gifts in settlement.

[CGTA75 s15(2)]

575. —A gift in settlement, whether revocable or irrevocable, shall be a disposal of the entire property thereby becoming settled property notwithstanding that the donor has some interest as a beneficiary under the settlement and notwithstanding that the donor is a trustee or the sole trustee of the settlement.

Person becoming absolutely entitled to settled property.

[CGTA75 s15(3) and (8)]

576. —(1) On the occasion when a person becomes absolutely entitled to any settled property as against the trustee, all the assets forming part of the settled property to which the person becomes so entitled shall be deemed for the purposes of the Capital Gains Tax Acts to have been disposed of by the trustee, and immediately reacquired by the trustee in the trustee's capacity as a trustee within section 567 (2), for a consideration equal to their market value.

(2) On the occasion when a person becomes absolutely entitled to any settled property as against the trustee, any allowable loss which has accrued to the trustee in respect of property which is, or is represented by, the property to which that person becomes so entitled (including any allowable loss carried forward to the year of assessment in which that occasion falls), being a loss which cannot be deducted from chargeable gains accruing to the trustee in that year, but before that occasion, shall be treated for the purposes of the Capital Gains Tax Acts as if it were an allowable loss accruing at that time to the person becoming so entitled, instead of to the trustee.

Termination of life interest on death of person entitled.

[CGTA75 s15(4), (5), (5A), (6) and (12); CGT(A)A78 s7(1); FA97 s73(1)]

577. —(1) (a) In this section, “life interest”, in relation to a settlement—

(i) includes a right under the settlement to the income of, or the use or occupation of, settled property for the life of a person (or for the lives of persons) other than the person entitled to the right,

(ii) does not include any right which is contingent on the exercise of the discretion of the trustee or the discretion of some other person, and

(iii) does not include an annuity, notwithstanding that the annuity is payable out of or charged on settled property or the income of settled property except where some or all of the settled property is appropriated by the trustees as a fund out of which the annuity is payable and there is no right of recourse to settled property not so appropriated, or to the income of settled property not so appropriated.

(b) Without prejudice to subsection (4)(b), where under paragraph (a) (iii) an annuity is to be treated as a life interest in relation to a settlement, the settled property or the part of the settled property appropriated by the trustees as a fund out of which the annuity is payable shall, while the annuity is payable and on the occasion of the death of the annuitant, be treated for the purposes of subsection (3) as being settled property under a separate settlement.

(2) Where by virtue of section 576 (1) the assets forming part of any settled property are deemed to be disposed of and reacquired by the trustee on the occasion when a person becomes absolutely entitled to the assets as against the trustee, then, if that occasion is the termination of a life interest by the death of the person entitled to that interest—

(a) no chargeable gain shall accrue on the disposal, and

(b) the reacquisition under that section shall be deemed to be for a consideration equal to the market value of the assets at the date of the death.

(3) On the termination of a life interest in possession in all or any part of settled property, the whole or a corresponding part of each of the assets forming part of the settled property and not ceasing at that time to be settled property shall be deemed for the purposes of the Capital Gains Tax Acts at that time to be disposed of by the trustee, and immediately reacquired by the trustee, for a consideration equal to the whole or a corresponding part of the market value of the asset.

(4) For the purposes of subsection (3)

(a) a life interest which is a right to part of the income of settled property shall be treated as a life interest in a corresponding part of the settled property, and

(b) if there is a life interest in a part of the settled property and, where that interest is a life interest in income, there is no right of recourse to, or to the income of, the remainder of the settled property, the part of the settled property in which the life interest subsists shall while it subsists be treated for the purposes of this subsection as being settled property under a separate settlement.

(5) (a) Subject to paragraph (b), where—

(i) as a consequence of a termination, on the death of the person entitled to it, of a life interest in settled property, subsection (3) applies, and

(ii) an asset which forms the whole or any part of that settled property—

(I) is comprised in an inheritance (within the meaning of the Capital Acquisitions Tax Act, 1976) taken on the death, and

(II) is exempt from tax in relation to the inheritance under section 55 of that Act, or that section as applied by section 39 of the Finance Act, 1978 ,

that asset shall for the purposes of subsection (3), be excluded from the assets deemed to be disposed of and immediately reacquired.

(b) Where, in a year of assessment, in respect of an asset an exemption from tax in relation to an inheritance referred to in paragraph (a) ceases to apply, then, the chargeable gain which but for paragraph (a) would have accrued to the trustee on the termination of the life interest in accordance with subsection (3) shall be deemed to accrue to the trustee in that year of assessment and shall accordingly be included in the return required to be made by the trustee concerned under section 951 for that year of assessment.

Death of annuitant.

[CGTA75 s15(7)]

578. Sections 576 (1) and 577 (3) shall apply where an annuity which is not a life interest within the meaning of section 577 is terminated by the death of the annuitant as they apply on the termination of a life interest (within the meaning of that section) by the death of the person entitled to that life interest.

Non-resident trusts.

[CGTA75 s37]

579. —(1) This section shall apply as respects chargeable gains accruing to the trustees of a settlement where the trustees are not resident and not ordinarily resident in the State, and where the settlor or one of the settlors is domiciled and either resident or ordinarily resident in the State, or was domiciled and either resident or ordinarily resident in the State when such settlor made the settlement.

(2) (a) Any beneficiary under the settlement who is domiciled and either resident or ordinarily resident in the State in any year of assessment shall be treated for the purposes of the Capital Gains Tax Acts as if an apportioned part of the amount, if any, on which the trustees would have been chargeable to capital gains tax under section 31 , if domiciled and either resident or ordinarily resident in the State in that year of assessment, had been chargeable gains accruing to the beneficiary in that year of assessment.

(b) For the purposes of this section, any amount referred to in paragraph (a) shall be apportioned in such manner as is just and reasonable between persons having interests in the settled property, whether the interest is a life interest or an interest in reversion, and so that the chargeable gain is apportioned as near as may be according to the respective values of those interests, disregarding in the case of a defeasible interest the possibility of defeasance.

(3) For the purposes of this section—

(a) where in any of the 5 years ending with that in which the chargeable gain accrues a person has received a payment or payments out of the income of the settled property made in exercise of a discretion, such person shall be regarded, in relation to that chargeable gain, as having an interest in the settled property of a value equal to that of an annuity of a yearly amount equal to 20 per cent of the total of the payments so received by such person in those 5 years, and

(b) where a person (in this paragraph referred to as “the recipient”) receives at any time after the chargeable gain accrues a capital payment made out of the settled property in exercise of a discretion, being a payment which represents the chargeable gain in whole or in part, then, except in so far as any part of the gain has been attributed under this section to some other person who is domiciled and resident or ordinarily resident in the State, the recipient shall, if domiciled and resident or ordinarily resident in the State, be treated as if the chargeable gain or, as the case may be, the part of the chargeable gain represented by the capital payment, had accrued to the recipient at the time when the recipient received the capital payment.

(4) In the case of a settlement made before the 28th day of February, 1974—

(a) subsection (2) shall not apply to a beneficiary whose interest is solely in the income of the settled property and who cannot, by means of the exercise of any power of appointment or power of revocation or otherwise, obtain for himself or herself, whether with or without the consent of any other person, any part of the capital represented by the settled property, and

(b) payment of capital gains tax chargeable on a gain apportioned to a beneficiary in respect of an interest in reversion in any part of the capital represented by the settled property may be postponed until that person becomes absolutely entitled to that part of the settled property, or disposes of the whole or any part of his or her interest, unless he or she can, by any means described in paragraph (a), obtain for himself or herself any of it at any earlier time,

and, for the purposes of this subsection, property added to a settlement after the settlement is made shall be regarded as property under a separate settlement made at the time when the property is so added.

(5) In any case in which the amount of any capital gains tax payable by a beneficiary under a settlement in accordance with this section is paid by the trustees of the settlement, such amount shall not for the purposes of income tax or capital gains tax be regarded as a payment to such beneficiary.

(6) This section shall not apply in relation to a loss accruing to the trustees of the settlement.